Prac1

Aim:- To identify the common laboratory apparatus.

(i) Test Tube:- These are small glass tube closed at one end. Test tubes are generally made of glass, some are also made of pyrex or corning glass. These are available in various sizes and are used for carrying out different tests.

(ii) Beaker:- These are flat bottomed cylindrical vessel with a beak made of pyrex or corning glass. They are available in different sizes ranging from 50 ml to 1 L. These are used for storing liquids and solutions for performing different experiments.

(iii) Funnel:- These are coned shaped with glass tube drawn into a long narrow stem. These used for the purpose of filtration.

(iv) Watch glass:- It is a flat dish made of glass. It is used for covering beakers or for preparation of solid mixtures or for taking small amounts of acids or sometimes used for evaporation of small quantities of liquids.

(v) Wire gauze:- It is a gauze made of fine iron wires fitted with a thin asbestos sheet in the centre. Glass apparatus are heated on wire gauze. This prevents the glass apparatus from cracking or breaking.

(vi) Tripod Stand:- It is made of cast iron and is used to hold a beaker or a flask over a flame.

(vii) Spatula:- It is a spoon made of nickel or steel. It is used for transferring small amount of solid substances.

(viii) Burners:- Burners are of different types. It is used for burning laboratory gas and producing flames.

(ix) Burette:- It is a long cylindrical graduated tube of uniform cross-section. The tube is fused with a stopcock at the lower end. Graduation is along from 0 to 50 ml from top to bottom. Each ml is again divided into 0.1 ml divisions.

(x) Pipette:- It is a handy glass apparatus for transferring a precise volume of liquid. It is a long narrow tube blown into a bulb at the middle. At the lower end it is drawn into a nozzle. At the upper end there is an etched mark. Pipettes are made of different capacities such as 10, 20, 25 ml etc.

(xi) Flat Bottomed Flask:- It is a glass bottle having a round body which is slightly flat at the bottom and a long narrow neck. It is used for storing solution and carrying out reactions in cold.

(xii) Round Bottomed Flask:- It is a flask consisting of a globe and narrow neck. It is made up of glass and is used for heating liquids.

(xiii) Specific Gravity Bottle:- Specific gravity bottles are used to find the liquid density. Measuring the liquids density. It is executed by finding the difference between emptied bottle and a filled bottle.

(xiv) Ostwald's Viscometer:- Ostwald viscometer also known as V-tube viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of the liquid with a known density. This device is named after “Wilhelm Ostwald”.

(xv) Stalagmometer:- A stalagmometer is a simple and commonly used instrument for measuring the surface tension (SFT) of liquids and most namely, the interfacial tension (IFT) between two liquids.

(xvi) Bunsen burner:- Device for combining a flammable gas with controlled amounts of air before ignition.

(xvii) Conical flask:- It is used to hold and measure chemical liquid sample.

(xviii) Measuring cylinder:- It is used to measure the approximate volume of different liquid.

(xix) Tongs:- It is an essential tools used for handling hot objects such as beakers, flask, or crucible. It help prevent burns and provide a secure grip when transferring or manipulating items in the lab.

(xx) Glass rod:- It is used to mix chemical and liquids for laboratory purposes.

(xxi) Volumetric flask:- It is used for the preparation and measurement of chemical solutions. It is put to use in the process of producing a solution at a predetermined volume.

(xxii) Burette stand:- It is used to hold and stabilize burette during titration or other laboratory purposes.

(xxiii) Dropper:- It is used to dispense small amounts of liquids medicines.